per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleThe medieval history of subcontinent of India includes writings regarding Quran and interpretations in which mystic and moral inclinations are showy. Some of these writings belong to interpreters of India and some to immigrant Iranian. This search with a method of historical records, not only states the history of interpretation and its phases in subcontinent of India in descriptive-analytic way but also consideration of moral and mystic trends about two interpretations of eighth and ninth century, and reveals historical backgrounds of orientation of this interpretations with aforesaid trends. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16768Interpretation inclination ethics mysticism medieval Mahaemi Mir Seyed Ali Hamedani per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleIn this article, after explanation of Descartes innovation about anthropology, in the first section the features of Descartes’ doubts, and precedence of will over thought; means to think willingly are considered and proved that the proof of “idea obviousness” and “I think” in philosophy of Descartes is based on will. “I” will to doubt, think and then I am. In this way, will is taken for granted and this is a point which ignored by Cartesian. In the second section after recognition of doubt, with pose of will discussion the separation of practical mind and theoretical mind, and wisdom from philosophy in Descartes. In the third section is going to be talked about the basis of thinker in relation to natural “I” and the center of conscience which the very first step is displayed in vastness and undoubtfulness issues. The last section talks about this that, can Descartes suffice to “moral provisory” of “code of morals” as highest and the most complete moral principles which needs perfect wisdom to other sciences and is the last level of wisdom? After recognizing this issue and answering the question, the position of code of morals is considered in Descartes philosophy. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16766Descartes will doubt philosophy wisdom code of morals human originality thinker mind.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleThe field of religion is divided into dogmatic and moral theology in Catholic encyclopedia. Dogmatic theology refers to theoretical issues and moral theology refers to practical issues. The duty of this theology is to design moral and religious problems for practical field of human. Today, moral theology is subcategory of practical theology. Practical theology framed as a whole and mixed with human life. Although this theology is related to historical experience of Christianity, the central core, in one hand, activates the capacities of practical theology in contemporary human life and in another hand, challenges secularism in management of life which is common in all Abrahamic religions. If moral theology has ideas about human relations and human free acts against God and talks about instruments which we are bestowed to reach to goals, in field of Islam we have ethics and jurisprudence as moral theology in Islam if they are logically reviewed and considered according to life’s need. The benefit of this theology is to rectify the judgments, to strengthen the power of analysis and specification of decree, and the ways to materialize religions goals. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16767Moral theology applied theology jurisprudence juridical aims reason independencies theologian in Ejtehad per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleThe medieval history of subcontinent of India includes writings regarding Quran and interpretations in which mystic and moral inclinations are showy. Some of these writings belong to interpreters of India and some to immigrant Iranian. This search with a method of historical records, not only states the history of interpretation and its phases in subcontinent of India in descriptive-analytic way but also consideration of moral and mystic trends about two interpretations of eighth and ninth century, and reveals historical backgrounds of orientation of this interpretations with aforesaid trends. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16769Interpretation inclination ethics mysticism medieval Mahaemi Mir Seyed Ali Hamedani per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleOn the contrary to other religions, God has declared in Holy Quran that Islam is universal and has promised its dominance over other religions. For dispersing Islam Muslims are encouraged. This issue is ground of perspectives of some scholars and exegetist to synchronize verses of Jihad and combat to rudimentary or primary Jihad with the aim of proliferation of religion. This article tries to clarify some theoretical principles which are transparent verses of Quran as Quranic framework for right and correct understanding from verses of Jihad and combat. We can understand from these principles that many different verses oppose the invitation to and dispersion of religion by conflict and war, therefore, the verses of Jihad are only supervisor upon defense. The direct consideration of Jihad verses which are at the end of this article show the same issue. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16770universal Islam Jihad freedom of belief per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleJuridical theory of Sunni regarding the conflict of Ahl-al-Hadith and Ahl-al-Rai has passed a long way so far. Ahl-al-Rai is indicted that they have used principle of rational in deducting juridical decrees and is trying to elicit criteria of decrees by analogy. This research not only approves this claim, but also looks at Ahl-al-Hadith approach, which later was organized in a frame of Hanafite and Malekith, based on a model of benefit. And pay attentions to the interest of commands in deduction of juridical decree and says it is discoverable. This research seeks conventional equality benefits in Sunni’s principles of jurisprudence and demonstrates that how different benefit-seeking, has influenced religious wisdom of Sunnis. The principle of deduction in all sects of Sunnis with factor of interest has rich link with real position of benefit-seeking. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16771analogy interest honor Ahl-al-Hadith and Ahl-al-Rai benefit-seeking conventionalized per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleOne of the most important aims of creation of human is to be servant of God which is noticed by wise people, scholars and interpreters of Quran theologians of Knowledge of manner. Fakhre Razi, interpreter and great theologian of Islam, believes that servitude has different level and rank. We face three type of public, wise, mystic (with love) servitude in his speech. He says that servitude contains episteme and action, and he believes that episteme is exposed to weakness. As a result, servitude in each type is doubtable. From his point of view servitude is subordinate to culmination and perfection and imperfections of belief, virtue, and self-force. He states that public servitude is not worship and mystic servitude is the best. This research analyses and clarifies the order or sequence of aforementioned issue by perspective of Fakhre Razi based on Tafsir Kabir. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16772Fakhre Razi Tafsir Kabir servitude public wise mystic per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792018-0141600articleOn the base of literal meaning and root of manner, it is in a group of features which is fixed and determined and the person having this feature immediately does things according to it. But literally it is a knowledge which introduces good and bad sensual characteristics and practices according to them, and shows the ways to attain good characteristics and good acts and avoid bad ones. The subject of this knowledge is limited regarding self and is vast concerning feature and there are four commonalities. This knowledge cleans self and beautifies actions and knowledge of code of ethics and manners does the same. http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/16773Manner knowledge of manner subject aim