per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162530article Abbas Ali amni raouf1377827445@iau.ir1Manijeh Sadri5059891429@iau.ir2rahim shohrati far1370569769@iau.ir3Monireh Kazemi Rashidmkazemirashed@gmail.com4History Department, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, IranDepartment of History, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, IranIslamic Azad University of Shabestar Branch<p>The aim of this research is the approach of Mossadegh's policy of non-alignment and neutrality during the nationalization of the oil industry and its consequences. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies. Mossadegh caused serious damage to the interests of the British, and they sought to eliminate him. He strongly opposed the colonial powers and tried to cut off any kind of foreign influence, and emphasized comprehensive cooperation with the colonized nations of the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia, especially with Muslims, and as long as the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the undisputed power of England are active in Iran, we cannot talk about independence. Mossadegh's government strives for the freedom and independence of the country, and if it feels that it cannot achieve this goal, it must step down. If Mossadegh had compromised with the British government after years of fighting over the country's most important political and economic issue, there would have been no need for a national movement. The findings of this research show that the policy of non-alignment was an attempt to take advantage of the competition of the great powers in order to secure maximum Iranian interests. After he succeeded in dispossessing the colonial power of England in the phase of accompaniment to cohesion, he took steps to create a balance between the two emerging superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. In Mossadegh's view, in order to achieve balance, the first thing to do was to prevent the open competition of powers in Iran and, if necessary, to secure Iran's interests by pitting the two against each other without Iran uniting with any of them.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52694Nationalization of the oil industry policy of non-alignment Mohammad Mossadegh.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-121623157articleHabib Aghaei1364519038@iau.ir1Kamran Pashaee Fakhripashaei@iau.ac.ir2Parvaneh Adelzadehadelzadeh@iau.ac.ir3PhD student in Persian Language and Literature, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Literature and Foreign Languages, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, IranُDepartment of Persian Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University,Ta.c., Tabriz, Iran<p>Attar&rsquo;s ElahiNameh is a poem in the form of Masnavi. On this poem, Attar recounts the goals of Sufi humans via parables and attempts to make people remember that the fact of each preference lies inside oneself and that the look for it additionally comes from inside human being. In reviewing the dramatic elements of ElahiNameh, similarly to understanding the mind and language of the Attar, one ought to be acquainted with the factors of the dramatic components, consisting of the introduction of the topics of the play, the advent of the themes of the theatre, genre and the fashion of the play. The description of the ascension of the Prophet (pbuh) has potential dramatic talents that may be actualized by way of searching for dramatic factors in the tale and reading distinctive approaches of using them inside the play. The query that arises is what are the dramatic factors of this story and by way of reading those aspects, how can dramatic readings be created? The approach used on this examine is analytical-descriptive and studies and statistics series have been performed through library research method. What emerges from this research partially demonstrates the exemplary value of ElahiNameh stories and affords a platform for changing different examples into plays.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52695The Elahi Nameh of Attar Neyshaburi Inner Travel Dramatic Aspects drama Ascension of the Prophet.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-121625970articleKamaloddin Tabatabaietabataba.kamaledin@cfu.ac.ir1Soheila Payan2282782607@iau.ir2<p>One of the famous commanders in the history of early Islamic is Khlid ibn walid. Brfore accepting Islam, he actively participated in the wars of the polytheists of Mecca against the prophet of Islam(PBUH). His presence in the battles of Uhud and Mu&rsquo;tah was very influential. Khlid is remembered as the most prominent general of the Islamic conquests period, due to his suppression of opponents of Abu Bakr&rsquo;s rule and his defeat of the Sasanian and Roman armies. Khalid&rsquo;s actions were supproved by Abu Bakr. During this period, he committed immoral acts that contradicted the principles of Islam. He attempted to assassinate Imam Ali(a.s.) and killed a number of innocent Muslims and prisoners. Khalid waz remomved from the command of the caliphate&rdquo;s armies during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab. The issue addressed in this research is the investigation of Khalid ibn walid&rdquo;s anti-Islamic actions during his political-military life. This article is descriptive and uses a library method.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52696Battle of Uhud Abu Bakr wars of Riddah Umar ibn Khattab.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-121627196articleFirouz Fazelidrfiroozfazeli@guilan.ac.ir1Asghar Esapour Kohlbonia.esapour.k@gmail.com2Associate Professor of Persian Language and Literature at Guilan Universityuniversity of guilan<p>Humans are inherently ethical beings, yet their engagement with social and environmental challenges exposes them to moral doubts, creating a need for tools to rethink ethical principles. In this context, sacred texts, particularly those in the form of poetic language, serve as powerful instruments for guiding individuals towards moral virtues. This study, using an analytical-comparative approach, examines the moral teachings of two significant works from different religious traditions: the Dammapada from the Buddhist tradition and the Masnavi (Spiritual Couplets) by Jalal al-Din Rumi from the Islamic tradition. The Dammapada, which is included in the "Three Baskets" (Tripitaka) of Buddhist scriptures, particularly in its concluding sections, addresses principles such as honesty, avoidance of immoral behaviors, and self-purification through mystical and ethical poetry. The poetic language of this work, utilizing the rhythm and inner music of words, not only conveys profound ethical concepts in an understandable and tangible manner but also calls humans to return to moral virtues and distance themselves from vices. This poetic structure, along with its spiritual teachings, becomes a tool for transmitting universal moral values. In contrast, the Masnavi by Rumi, using poetic language, metaphors, and allegories, expresses similar ethical principles. Like Buddha, Rumi emphasizes moral virtues such as honesty, self-awareness, self-purification, and liberation from worldly attachments. This work, with its poetic structure, is essentially a "Persian Quran" that not only deals with spiritual purification but also serves as a guide to reaching truth and divine love. This study argues that the poetic language in both works, the Dammapada and the Masnavi, is not merely a tool for transmitting ethical and spiritual teachings but is regarded as an active force in the spiritual and ethical transformation of individuals. In a world where humans face various ethical challenges, these two works establish a profound and universal connection between cultures and religions. They remind modern humanity that fundamental ethical principles remain universal and transcend religious and cultural boundaries. In particular, the poetic language in these works, as an effective and powerful tool for stimulating the human mind and heart to return to moral virtues and spirituality, can play a crucial role in achieving a global ethical transformation.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52697Ethical teachings Islam Buddhism Dammapada Masnavi Comparative analysis.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-1216297125articleRamin FatholahzadehdizajiRaminfatollahzadeh64@gmail.com1Heydar Mohammadzadeh saltehSalteh2008@gmail.com2Mehdi ZeynaliDr.Zeynali@gmail.com3PhD student, accounting department, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, IranAssociate Professor, Department of Accounting, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran<p>Violation of ethical standards in accounting can lead to moral corruption and have many negative effects on financial processes, transparency and credibility of organizations. Ethical violations in this context mean behaviors that are contrary to professional and ethical accounting principles and standards, such as manipulation of financial reports, tax evasion, corruption in providing false information to stakeholders, and using financial information for personal gain. Therefore, the current research seeks to provide a model for preventing ethical violations in accounting using modern technologies. The research method is of a mixed type and has been carried out in two parts, quantitative and qualitative. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part is financial, psychology and accounting experts who were selected using the snowball sampling method and theoretical saturation point. The tool for collecting the qualitative part of semi-structured interview data is derived from theoretical foundations. The analysis method of this section is using thematic analysis method.In the quantitative part of the research, using the researcher-made questionnaire tool derived from the qualitative model of the research after confirming the validity and reliability in the statistical population, which includes financial managers in listed companies, the number of the statistical sample was estimated to be 213 people based on stratified sampling, and the questionnaire was distributed Drivers include technological developments, social demand, legal regulations, increased competition, organizational pressure, and globalization. Strategies include implementing blockchain technology, using predictive analytics, continuous employee training, creating an alert system, designing monitoring dashboards, and encouraging an.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52698Accounting ethics ethical violations artificial intelligence moral corruption. per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162127152articleRahamatolah Gholipor rgholipor@ut.ac.ir1Mahdi Abdolhamidmahdi_abdolhamid@iust.ac.ir2MohammadReza Esmaieli Givis.givi@ut.ac.ir3Amir Doraniamirdorani66@gmail.com4University of Tehranدانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران<p>One of the most important issues that has caused many problems in all countries of the world. Administrative corruption and contamination of agents and agents and administrative staff of various organizations with illegal activities and their illegal use of their administrative authority and authority for their own interests. The general purpose of this research is to identify the behavioral policy framework in the fight against administrative corruption based on the themes of Nahj al-Balagha. The current research is of mixed, qualitative and quantitative type. It is also exploratory from the objective point of view and descriptive from the nature point of view. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of the nature and method of data collection. The statistical population and the content used in the research will include all written documents in the field of behavioral policy framework in dealing with administrative corruption based on the themes of Nahjul Balagha, in the period from 2000 to 2023. The sampling method is purposeful and based on criteria. The quantitative part of this research was collected using a questionnaire tool and through a sample of 50; SMART-PLS3, SPSS24 software was used to analyze the data. In the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were first designed and then presented to the experts and interviewees, and after that, the interviews were prepared in text form and thematic analysis was done with software such as Maxqda software and extraction of primary indicators. By studying the extracted data and information, finally, 134 codes were identified, and after reviewing and revising, 134 basic themes, 22 organizing themes, and 6 overarching themes were identified. Library and archival documents were obtained. These themes were reviewed and modified several times by the researcher and similar themes were placed in one category, which include: "political factors", "administrative factors", "economic factors", "social factors", "norms and values", constitute "behavioral-psychological".</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52699policy behavioral policy administrative corruption Nahjul Balaghe.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162153168articlemohammad hosseain koodarykoodary@gmail.com1mohammad shokrimohammadshokry44@gmail.com2minoo khanyKhanyminoo@gmail.com3Islamic Azad University, North Tehran branchFaculty of Humanities, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University<p>Everyday is a daily repetition of a specific activity that is carried out in line with a goal outside of the human(self) being .Everyday is the result of the technologization of man in the city, which has shaped new aspects of contemporary human life. Contemporary man is known as a social activist in the struggle of this crisis and is no longer known not as man himself but as a systematic being in a structure. The Present Man is no longer known as what he is but as what he consumes in a perpetual anxiety. The following article examines such a human being, and from the perspective of philosophers Jean Baudrillard and Henri Lefebvre and theorists such as Andy Bennett, he reads such a human being to be known and his way of life in the first stage, and in the second stage he went to define the event in the play, putting the two definitions in front of each other. Everyday man, by living in everyday life, shows a different shape and shape than what might give an event a heroic answer. Such a man addresses the needs of everyday life and distances himself from the heroic order. Events become meaningless, and at such a time a person loses the ability to change. This reading seemingly destroys the drama because if the character in the drama is indifferent to the event that was formed according to the assumed conditions in the drama, The Knot will no longer be untied and before that the peak of the drama in the drama will not remain. Everyday is the first thing that destroys this is the heroism that takes the stage as the main motivation of the character and wants to change the world of the show, but the daily life itself can sit in the place of the event and manifest itself as the main crisis of the play. Darifo's play "day after day" has exactly the same icon. Dariofo tries to portray his personality as an indifferent creature to crises such as a weak link between a man and a woman or a dysfunctional situation of social class and poverty. The woman in the play only seeks to get consent from her employer and takes it for granted with her stresses and anxieties. The mind is machine. he only pays attention to the clock and repeats the advertising slogans of the products he uses. He lives in the fast-growing technology clause every day, and he can no longer try to save or want to try. This man is no longer a sovereign and subordinate being of thought, but a complete picture of a meat robot to consume whatever is at hand. The following article shows how this condition eliminates the event and the other show character goes about his daily life without any heroic command.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52700everyday drama action Event Capital.  per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162169191articlerozita kahrizirozita.kahrizi@gmail.com1Mehdi PiriMehdi.Piri@ut.ac.ir2Mohsen AbdollahiMo_abdollahi@sbu.ac.ir3University of TehranAssistant Professor, Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran<p>The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was written with regard to the right of people to have access to food. While the progress of civilization has led to extensive destruction of the environment. Human efforts to protect the environment intensified since the end of the 20th century, but most of these activities focused on preventing environmental destruction and did not pay attention to the effects of environmental destruction on humans. The current research, which was compiled with a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of explaining the right to access to environmental justice in the light of international documents, the findings of the research indicate that, in Iran's legal system and international documents, the principle is that protection The environment is a natural right that has been recognized even though it was late. International environmental law cannot cover environmental injustices. Also, the authority to hear claims raised by popular organizations, labor unions, racial regional unions regarding environmental injustice should be added to the statutes of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52701right justice environmental environmental destruction international documents.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162193207articleMansour Momenimomeni@iau.ir1Fayyaz Zahedfayyaz.zaahed@iauctb.ac.ir2Majid Reza Rajabirajabi@iauctb.ac.ir3ف<p>This essay attempts to portray an objective description of Mohammad Ali Shah as narrated by his contemporaries. These descriptions should be considered in the context of their time, that is, in a period when the conflict and confrontation between the &ldquo;pain of the religious people of the legitimate government&rdquo; and the &ldquo;pain of the people of the constitutional government&rdquo; had reached its peak, and each side was ultimately a coward trying to destroy the other. In Iranian history, the Shah has always been a symbol of the guardian of religion and state and the father of the Iranian nation, and injustice, breaking oaths, breaking promises, lying, and hostility and mistreatment of the people from a person in that position were not only unacceptable but also expected. But Mohammad Ali Shah, as will be seen below, made every effort to make himself the most hated king in Iranian history. He broke his oath, washed his hands in the blood of the people, handed over the kingdom to foreigners, became a refugee under the banner of foreigners, plundered the national capital, and, to please his supporters, began to suppress and severely kill his critics and opponents.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52702Mohammad Ali Shah exile government istikhara constitutionalism.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162209236article Mahdavi Nour Seyyed Hatamhmahdavinoor@iau.ac.ir1<p>one of the essential Islamic duties that requires careful understanding of its objectives, personal conditions, priorities, and social consequences. Using an analytical-comparative method, this study first explores the fundamental goals of this obligation based on Qur&rsquo;anic and traditional sources. It then analyzes the categories of sins, attributes of the individual who performs this duty, conditions of implementation, and its required legal and institutional infrastructures. The key innovation of this research lies in proposing a structured framework for prioritizing sins based on their social impact, involuntary effects on others, and the necessity of individual or collective piety for avoiding them. This framework is applied to the issue of hijab, demonstrating that&mdash;given its nature&mdash;verbal guidance is sufficient, and coercive enforcement lacks efficacy and leads to delegitimization of religion and internal disengagement from religious norms. The study concludes that widespread reconsideration of current enforcement methods is necessary, advocating for cultural policies and educational strategies as more sustainable alternatives.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52703Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong Sin Prioritization Conditions of the Enjoining Individual Hijab Social Jurisprudence Social Consequences.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162237265articlemehdi mehriMehdi9962@yahoo.com1Nasrin MehraN_mehra@sbu.ac.ir2Alimohammad mahdavisabetali@mahdavi.fr3ghasem ghasemigh.ghasemi@srbiau.ac.ir4PhD student in Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, IranAssociate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran, IranAssociate Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, Tehran, Shahid Sattari Highway end, Shahadai Hesarek University SquareAssistant Professor, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Department of Science and Research, Tehran, Shahid Sattari Highway end, Shahadai Hesarak University Square<p>Social security is a multifaceted concept and a necessity for the continuity of community identity. Social security, in addition to protecting people's lives and property; It includes the guarantee of fundamental, social and economic rights of individuals and society in general. Social security is always raised as one of the main goals of every society and government, and guaranteeing it is the most basic duty of the government towards the citizens. In this regard, this research was done with the aim of presenting a hierarchical model of criminal protection of basic freedoms with the approach of improving social security. A mixed method (qualitative-quantitative) was used to achieve the goal of the research. In the qualitative part, content analysis of interviews with 21 experts was used to extract the components of the research model. Then, in the quantitative section, to obtain the research model and complete the self-interaction matrix, the opinions of 14 selected experts of the qualitative section who were familiar with completing the self-interaction matrix were also used. The data of the quantitative part of the research were analyzed with the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) method and with the help of the ISM MATLAB software, and finally a model consisting of 10 levels was obtained..</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52704Security social security freedom fundamental freedoms criminal protection.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162267292articleAzam Nikukarnico_502000@iau-saveh.ac.ir1<p>This study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of prevailing school culture and professional ethics with teachers&rsquo; responsibility in elementary schools. The purpose of this research is applied, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study includes all elementary school teachers in Saveh County during the academic year 2024&ndash;2025, totaling 1,086 individuals. The research sample was selected using Cochran&rsquo;s formula and available sampling method, resulting in 284 participants. The research instruments included the Teacher Responsibility Questionnaire by Lerman and Karabenick (2013), the School Culture Questionnaire by Gruenert and Valentine (1998), and the Professional Ethics Questionnaire by Kaduzier (2002). For data analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests were used via SPSS software version 27. The results showed that both variables&mdash;prevailing school culture and professional ethics&mdash;are capable of predicting teachers&rsquo; responsibility (p &lt; 0.05), with school culture accounting for 23% and professional ethics for 38% of the variance. Therefore, with 95% confidence, it can be stated that professional ethics has the highest share in predicting teachers&rsquo; responsibility.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52705school culture professional ethicsTeachers responsibility.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162293315articleseyedali hashemidanesh8n@gmail.com1Abbas Ebrahimia.ebrahimi@sccr.ir2sccr.ir<p>With the continuous advancements in artificial intelligence techniques and the significant increase in hardware capabilities and processing speeds of computing systems, the widespread presence of intelligent systems in various fields has become possible. However, since all technological tools, including intelligent systems, have specific physical, ethical-social, and cultural consequences, it is essential to examine and reflect on the implications of such systems, and efforts should be made to mitigate these consequences as much as possible. This article employs an analytical library research method to identify stakeholders and individuals related to intelligent systems, subsequently identifying the harms and challenges associated with each layer. It then presents ethical codes related to intelligent systems from the perspective of technology philosophy and the Iranian-Islamic ecosystem at four levels: policymakers, designers, users, and the systems themselves, in order to prevent negative consequences.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52706Ethical Codes؛ Intelligent Systems؛ Impacts of Intelligent Systems؛ Iranian-Islamic Ecosystem.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162317339articleAmineh BagheriA_Bagheri@alzahra.ac.ir1<p>Medical ethics has long been an integral part of the medical profession in scientific civilizations. In Islamic civilization, great sages such as Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Razi, Ibn Sina, and Seyyed Ismail al-Jurjani not only paid attention to the scientific and technical aspects of treating patients, but also placed the ethical and humane principles of medical behavior at the center of their professional activities. This article, with a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the ethical teachings of these three sages in two main areas &mdash; practice and Clinical and Role Social and Civilization &mdash; Review Findings Badge Gives that Principled Like Confidentiality, Honesty, Respect To Dignity Compassion , responsibility, humility, education and knowledge transfer, avoidance of harmful drugs, respect for the patient's decisions, and avoidance of abuse of professional position are emphasized in their works both practically and theoretically, and can provide a comprehensive model for contemporary medical ethics.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52707Razi Avicenna Seyyed Ismail Jorjani professional responsibility clinical behavior social role of physicians.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162341361articleEsmaiel KamaliEsmaeil.kamli@iau.ac.ir1Akbar Bashiribashiri@iau.ac.ir2Abassat PourMohammadAbasat_pormohammad@iau-maragheh.ac.ir3<p>Under the system and structure governing civil liability, part of the imposition of liability is always carried out due to accidents and incidents, and specifically, the attention of this research focuses on the elements of imposing civil liability resulting from railway accidents and incidents and the institutions and individuals responsible for them. Basically, in this research, which was prepared and organized using a descriptive-analytical method, the main question and objective of examining this issue was that in the event of an accident in the country's railway transport network, which institution and individuals will be responsible for civil liability and compensation for damage. In this regard, the results and findings of the research confirm that the elements of imposing civil liability are achieved by committing an act leading to a railway accident, incurring losses resulting from a railway accident, and ultimately the causal relationship between the occurrence of a harmful act and incurring losses in a railway accident, and depending on the case, liability will be imposed on the government or the Ministry of Roads, private companies, the transport operator, or the wrongdoers.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52708Railways rail transportation rail accidents civil liability for rail accidents civil liability bodies institutions and individuals responsible for rail accidents.per Islamic Azad University - Saveh Branch (Islamic Teaching Department)فصلنامه پژوهش‌های اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی ایران)2383-32792383-32792025-12162363378articlenahid kohan Nahid.kohan@iau.ir1Fatemeh Agah2299065520@iau.ir2Samineh Bahadori JahromiSa.bahadori@iau.ac.ir3teacherDepartment of Persian Language and Literature, Firouzabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firouzabad, IranDepartment of Persian Language and Literature, Firouzabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Firouzabad, Iran<p>relationship between literature and society, from ancient times to our times, is a reciprocal relationship. To comprehend and recognize literary works, one must know the historical, social, cultural contexts, and even the intellectual and moral differences of each period in order to achieve a proper understanding of the thought and work of a writer or poet. This is what is being examined in modern literary theories today. The text is situated in a context or paraterxt or metatext that is consciously or unconsciously influenced by it, and a text cannot be analyzed without considering its context. Research Method: The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical using library and documentary sources. Research Results: The reflection of the sociological imagination pattern in literature in the works of Kamran Parsinejad and Atousa Salehi is in the form of four approaches: "ontology", "methodology", "statis", and "dynamics". In Kamran Parsinejad's works such as To ra Khanei st (You Have a House), Khorshid Mimanad (The Sun Remains), and Khoeshid dar Atash( The Sun in Fire), the "ontology" element of the sociological imagination pattern is observed. In Atusa Salehi's books such as Kuch Roozbeh( Roozbeh&rsquo;s Migration) and Yeiki Nabud, Yeiki Bud( Once Upon a Time) the frequency of using the element of "dynamics" of the sociological imagination pattern is higher. The reflection of the sociological imagination pattern in literature is more evident in the works of Kamran Parsinejad than in Atusa Salehi, since the structure of society and its requirements are reflected more profoundly in the works of Kamran Parsinejad.</p>http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/Article/52709Atousa Salehi Kamran Parsinejad literature society imagin.