A moral look at chapteristic sanctions regarding the legal implications of this, Bernslett II Human Rights
Subject Areas : Ethics and Islamic Educationحسین اخوان 1 , Seyyed Bagher Mirabassi 2 , Abo-Mohammad Asgarkhani 3 *
1 -
2 - University of Tehran
3 - University of Tehran
Keywords: Security Council, sanctions, Human rights, Second generation human rights, Economic rights.,
Abstract :
Since the establishment of the United Nations, many countries have been subject to sanctions by the Security Council under Chapter 7 of the Charter. The increase in sanctions imposed by the Security Council has raised concerns about the damage done to the citizens of the sanctioned countries. Research on the effects of sanctions in countries such as Iraq, Haiti, Libya and Iran suggests that these sanctions increased the deaths of children, poverty, migration, food and drug deficits, and other social and economic disruptions. Consequently, there are widespread debates at the UN and abroad about criticism of the Security Council sanctions as well as the responsibility of the Council for the violation of human rights, especially the second generation of human rights of citizens. In this essay, the human rights dimensions of the bansel sanctions of the second Barnsl has been examined. According to the author, sanctions imposed by the Security Council on human rights violations, in particular with regard to economic and social rights and sanctions imposed by the Security Council, result in serious violations of the human rights of the Security Council because of its severe negative effects on the target countries. While the United Nations Charter has committed that organization to "promoting and respecting human rights," the UN Security Council's economic sanctions are in breach of the provisions of the Charter and are responsible for violating human rights.
Bossuyt, Marc (2010), The adverse consequences of economic sanctions on the enjoyment of human rights, (E/CN.4/Sub.2/2000/33).
Boutros Ghali, Boutros (1995), Supplement to an agenda for peace, S/1995/1.
Boutros Ghali, Boutros (1999), Unvanquished, Random Hous, INC, New York.
Brzoska, Michael (ed.), (2001), Design and Implementation of Arms Embargoes and Travel and Aviation Related Sanctions: Results of the “Bonn-Berlin Process” Bonn International Center for Conversion, Bonn.
Center for Economic and Social Rights (1996), UN Sanctioned Suffering: A Human Rights Assessment of United Nations Sanctions on Iraq, New York: Center for Economic and Social Rights.
Conlon, Paul (2001), United Nations Sanctions Management: A Case Study of the Iraq Sanctions Committee, 1990-1994 (Procedural Aspects of International Law Series), Hotei Publishing.
Cortright, David and Lopez, George A. (2014), The Sanctions Decade: Assessing UN Strategies in the 1990s, Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Cortright, David and Lopez, George A. (2002), Sanctions and the search for security: challenges to UN action, Boulder: L. Rienner Publishers.
Cortright, David, Lopez, George A., Minear, Larry, & Weiss, Thomas G. (1998), Toward More Human and Effective Sanctions Management: Enhancing the Capacity of the United Nations System, The Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies.
Dedring, Juergen, (2013), The United Nations Security Council in the 1990s, State University of New York Press, New York.
Farral, Jeremy (2010), The World Summit process and UN sanctions reform: between rhetoric and force, in Peter G. Danchin and Horst Fischer (eds.), UN reform and collective security, Cambridge University Press.
Farrall, Jeremy and Rubenstein, Kim, (eds), (2009), Sanctions, Accountability and Governance in a Globalised World (Connecting International Law with Public Law), 1st edn, Cambridge University Press.
Farrall, Jeremy (2008), United Nations Sanctions and the Rule of Law, 1st edn, Cambridge University Press.
Fasulo, Linda (2009), An Insider Guide to the UN, 2nd edn, Yale University Press.
Garfield, Richard (1999), Morbidity and mortality among Iraqi children from 1990 through 1998: assessing the impact of the Gulf war and economic sanctions, (www.cam.ac.uk/societies/casi)
Genugten, W. Van (2003), United Nations Sanctions: Effectiveness and Effects, Especially in the Field of Human Rights, a Multi-Disciplinary Approach, Intersentia.
Price, Richard M. and Zacher Mark W., (eds), (2004), The United Nations and Global Security, 1st edn, Palgrave Macmillan.
Reisman, W. Michael and Stevick, Douglas L., (1998), The Applicability of International Law Standards to United Nations Economic Sanctions Programmes, European Journal of International Law, No. 9.
United Nations Inter-Agency Standing Committee and Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), (2004), Sanctions Assessment Handbook, United Nations, New York.
Vone Sponeck, Hans, C. (2006), A Different Kind of War: The UN Sanctions Regime in Iraq, Berghahn Books