"Risk and its moral issues With attention to attention and acceptability "
Subject Areas : Ethics and Islamic Education
Keywords: Risk, decision, justification, acceptability ,
Abstract :
Philosophers of morality have aim to improve good life of human, and it is possible by guidance of behavior and crucial decisions. Utilitarianism has taken the focus of mind to outcome of doing, responsibility-inclined has emphasis on the doing are trying to control human decisions, but all of these will be possible in defined condition. How human being can make a decision in a condition which human has no awareness to the consequence of doing or to the features of doing. In this situation human is faced risk. Risk means danger and taking danger, but literally means “decision in uncertainty”. In this condition, it is hard to manage behavior because we have no control on situation in which action happens and we don’t know the features of situation. So there is a possibility which human’s decisions and behavior impose danger to others. Philosophers of morality pay less attention to decision making in situation of risk. Then, adjusting criterion of morality to examples would be hard, and decision in situation of risk would lead to moral issues that begs for solutions by Philosophers of morality. Issues like “the possibility of rationalizing of imposing risk”, “acceptability of risk”. Risk is made of different factors: risk boundary, exposition to risk, decision maker of risk, beneficiary of risk, … . risk justification and acceptability can be considered in any above-mentioned factors. A comprehensive analysis needs combinative method. Factors like willingness, awareness, fairness and justice will cause rationality of risk and factors like benefit, possibility of compensation of damage and potential danger, maintaining people basic rule will cause acceptability of risk.
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