نگاهی اخلاقی به تحریمهای منشوری با لحاظ تاثیرات حقوقی آن برنسل دوم حقوق بشر
محورهای موضوعی : اخلاق و تربیت اسلامی
حسین اخوان
1
سید باقر میرعباسی
2
(دانشگاه تهران)
ابومحمد عسگرخانی
3
(دانشگاه تهران)
کلید واژه: شورای امنیت, تحریم های منشوری, حقوق بشر, نسل دوم حقوق بشر, حقوق اقتصادی,
چکیده مقاله :
از زمان تأسیس سازمان ملل تا سال 2015 کشورهای زیادی براساس فصل هفت منشور تحت تحریم شورای امنیت قرار گرفته اند . افزایش اعمال تحریم از جانب شورای امنیت نگرانی فزاینده‌ای را در ارتباط با خسارات وارده بر شهروندان کشورهای تحت تحریم موجب گردید. تحقیقاتی که درخصوص اثرات تحریم در کشورهایی مانند عراق ، هائیتی ، لیبی وایران انجام شده، حاکی از آن است که این تحریم‌ها موجب افزایش شدید مرگ و میر کودکان، گسترش فقر، مهاجرت، کمبود مواد غذایی و دارو و سایر نابسامانی‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی گردید. در نتیجه، مباحث گسترده‌ای در سطح سازمان ملل و خارج آن در خصوص انتقاد از تحریمهای شورای امنیت و همچنین مسئولیت آن شورا در قبال نقض حقوق بشر به‌ویژه نسل دوم حقوق بشر شهروندان مطرح است. در این نوشتار، ابعاد حقوق بشری تحریمهای منشوری برنسل دوم مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. به عقیده نگارنده، تحریمهای شورای امنیت به دلیل تأثیرات منفی شدید آن برکشورهای هدف ، در انطباق با هنجارهای حقوق بشری به ویژه حقوق اقتصادی و اجتماعی و اعمال این تحریم‌ها منجر به نقض فاحش حقوق بشر می‌گردد. در حالی که منشور سازمان ملل، آن سازمان را به " ارتقا و احترام به حقوق بشر" متعهد نموده است، اعمال تحریمهای اقتصادی توسط شورای امنیت نقض مفاد منشور بوده و مسئولیت نقض حقوق بشر را متوجه آن شورا می‌نماید.
Since the establishment of the United Nations, many countries have been subject to sanctions by the Security Council under Chapter 7 of the Charter. The increase in sanctions imposed by the Security Council has raised concerns about the damage done to the citizens of the sanctioned countries. Research on the effects of sanctions in countries such as Iraq, Haiti, Libya and Iran suggests that these sanctions increased the deaths of children, poverty, migration, food and drug deficits, and other social and economic disruptions. Consequently, there are widespread debates at the UN and abroad about criticism of the Security Council sanctions as well as the responsibility of the Council for the violation of human rights, especially the second generation of human rights of citizens. In this essay, the human rights dimensions of the bansel sanctions of the second Barnsl has been examined. According to the author, sanctions imposed by the Security Council on human rights violations, in particular with regard to economic and social rights and sanctions imposed by the Security Council, result in serious violations of the human rights of the Security Council because of its severe negative effects on the target countries. While the United Nations Charter has committed that organization to "promoting and respecting human rights," the UN Security Council's economic sanctions are in breach of the provisions of the Charter and are responsible for violating human rights.
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