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        1 - Racism in Kant’s ethical view with accumbency on categorical imperative
          mohsen javady
        Racism in its broad sense, means the superiority of some others over the others on their race. Subjects about Racism has considerate in different fields including politics, sociology, law, psychology and especially in ethics. In some ethical systems, such as Kant's ethi More
        Racism in its broad sense, means the superiority of some others over the others on their race. Subjects about Racism has considerate in different fields including politics, sociology, law, psychology and especially in ethics. In some ethical systems, such as Kant's ethics, racism, as well as many other topics, is not consider. But this does not mean that the system cannot consider and investigate on racism. In this paper, we try to investigate Kant’s point of view in his ethical system on racism by using his idea on triple rule of categorical imperative and finally this result will occur that Kant, on the basis of their moral system cannot be justified racism either. For Kant, moral virtue consists of duty or act according to the task, which cannot communicate with the race of the subject of the verb. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Justice Based on Emerged Conventions: A Critical Analysis of Skyrms’ Idea of Social Contract
             
        Last two decades، some philosophers of social sciences and economists showed their interest in evolutionary explanations of Justice. Brian Skyrms is one of great contributor of these explanations. His two major works، Evolution of the social contract (1996) and stag hu More
        Last two decades، some philosophers of social sciences and economists showed their interest in evolutionary explanations of Justice. Brian Skyrms is one of great contributor of these explanations. His two major works، Evolution of the social contract (1996) and stag hunt and evolution of social structure (2004)، are attempting to lay such explanations of justice by evolutionary game theory. The purpose of this paper is to present and evaluate the analytical framework and foundations of Skyrms’ idea. Accordingly، the paper، based on theoretical and analytical method، finds basic building blocks of Skyrms’ account of the social contract and then examines those foundations. Research findings show that skyrms seeks to naturalization of concepts such as justice; Project that meet with shortcomings such positive conception of values and inner inconsistency. Manuscript profile