List of Articles Oil

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  1 - The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on social adjustment, mental turmoil and self-rupturing among people with transgender sexual disorder
  Parvin  Hemmat Afza ferozeh sepehrian Esmaeil Soleymaniyan
  Aim: Gender identity disorders (GID) are heterogeneous disorders that may be influenced by culture and social norms The purpose of the present research was to study the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on social adjustment, mental turmoil and sel More

  Aim: Gender identity disorders (GID) are heterogeneous disorders that may be influenced by culture and social norms The purpose of the present research was to study the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment based therapy on social adjustment, mental turmoil and self-rupturing among people with transgender sexual disorder, Materials and Method: this research was a semi-experimental. The sample of the research included 30 individuals with Transgender sexual disorder in well-being organization of north Khorasan, they were selected by available sampling and were placed randomly in experimental and control group randomly. Data were obtained by mental health questionnaire SCL-25, self-rupturing questionnaire of Sadegh-zade et al. (2006), and Bell social adjustment inventory (1961). Findings were analyzed by SPSS software and multi-variate covariance analysis test. Results: The results show that acceptance and commitment based therapy significantly promoted social adjustment and mental turmoil and also reduced self-rupturing among people with transgender sexual disorder (P<0.01). discussion: according to the findings of the research it can be said that utilizing new treatments in psychotherapy and counseling such as acceptance and commitment based therapy may be effective on improving mental state of people with transgender sexual disorder, so due to their special problems in Iran it is necessary to utilize such treatments for them. Manuscript profile
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  2 - renegotiaton in upstream contracts of the oil industry from the perspective of law a
  Rahele  Seyed Morteza Hosseini Bahram Taghipour Mehdi Abbasi Sarmadi Fatemeh Amiri
  Because of the long-term nature of the upstream contracts of the oil industry, it is always possible for these contracts to be subject to fundamental changes in the situation. In such a way that economic, political, technical or economic, economic or economic changes wi More

  Because of the long-term nature of the upstream contracts of the oil industry, it is always possible for these contracts to be subject to fundamental changes in the situation. In such a way that economic, political, technical or economic, economic or economic changes will overcome, in such a way that it is difficult for one party to fulfill the obligation, while the other party may benefit from these conditions. In such a case, re-negotiation is one of the solutions that can help resolve this problem. What many of these contracts today are of interest to the parties. Using this method, the parties can review the contract and allow it to continue to be implemented, the parties are required to observe ethics and goodwill to pave the way for an agreement to resolve the problem and exit the stalemate. . Re-negotiation may be entered in the conditional condition at the time of the conclusion of the contract or after agreement of the terms of the parties. This condition will stabilize the contract, and this will encourage foreign companies to invest in oil projects, which will result in economic development of the host country. In fact, this is a condition of a dispute resolution mechanism that prevents the liquidation of the contract in the event of a change of circumstances. However, observance of ethics and good faith requires the contracting party to seriously negotiate and make rational and enforceable proposals. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Examining the appropriate pattern of moral hazard in the non-financial terms of oil and gas contracts
  Davood  Baghaee Babak  Vosoughifard Homayoun  Habibi
  Today, oil has a lot in the economy of its producing countries. For numerous reasons, including the colonial relations between the producing countries and the colonial peoples on the one hand, and the lack of specialist forces and the necessary capital for oil productio More

  Today, oil has a lot in the economy of its producing countries. For numerous reasons, including the colonial relations between the producing countries and the colonial peoples on the one hand, and the lack of specialist forces and the necessary capital for oil production in the Third World countries, with the participation of mainly capitalists from industrialized countries. For this reason, the legal nature of these relationships has been the subject of many discussions. On the one hand, the general and economic aspects and its moral hazard for the host country and the private aspects of capitalism have added to the difficulty of the discussion. The financial and non-financial conditions of such contracts have changed dramatically in different periods of history, creating many patterns. The political and economic changes in the world, in turn, have brought about changes and changes in the context of these relations and its moral hazard. A survey of the first form of these oil relations, signed under the title "Concession Concession" of capital investors with oil-rich governments, has revealed that today's conventional contracts can outline the different aspects of morality in these contracts. In this paper, the study of the appropriate model of moral hazard in the non-financial conditions of oil and gas contracts in Iran is carried out in a descriptive-analytical manner.. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigation of Environmental Ethics and Legal in Oil Contracts
  مسعود طاهری Masoud alborzivarki Abdollah Kiai
  20.1001.1.23833279.1399.11.42.7.8
  The deterioration and detrimental consequences of unnecessary exploitation of nature and the environment and the emergence of various pollutants, endanger human life and other creatures on Earth, and the development of comprehensive planning that damages and pollutes th More

  The deterioration and detrimental consequences of unnecessary exploitation of nature and the environment and the emergence of various pollutants, endanger human life and other creatures on Earth, and the development of comprehensive planning that damages and pollutes the environment Life has led environmentalists to the theoretical foundations of human interaction with nature, including ethics. The consideration and observance of the principles of environmental ethics that are in line with the ideals of divine ethics and at the same time include economic development and prosperity are more serious than ever in explaining the theory of appropriate environmental ethics, It is one of the necessities of protection and exploitation of the environment. The environment is anything around us that affects us and we can influence them. From Islam's point of view, the most important are: justice in the environment, environmental development, environmental protection and prevention of environmental degradation and pollution, destructive effects of development plans, optimal consumption , Environmental health, the creation of a recycling system, and so on. Given the status of the oil industry in today's world, it should not be left out of control and ignored by human and environmental damage, but should seek solutions. To reduce these damages. Today, refineries emit millions of pollutants into the air, posing a serious threat to human health and the environment. In this article, while considering the ethical and legal principles of the environment, the environmental considerations in oil contracts and the position of Iranian laws and regulations are examined. Manuscript profile
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  5 - moral challenge and responsibility of caspian"s oil and gas unilateral usage
  Soheil  Asgharzadeh Abdul Karim  Shahidar
  20.1001.1.23833279.1400.11.43.2.9
  After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploit More

  After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploitation of the seabed and under seabed reserves of the Caspian Sea has been among the unsolved problems yet. Furthermore, no agreement has been made about sharing such resources in the recent convention in Aktau. Despite considering Caspian as a sea or lake, the principles of international law like procedures of the countries and the principles of the international trials and doctrines do not confirm any unilateral use of gas and oil resources of this sea by the countries; on the other hand, the mentioned convention emphasizes the requirement of making a separate agreement about the seabed and under seabed resources of this sea which also suggests the requirement of making a comprehensive agreement among these countries. Nevertheless, what is actually observed is the exploitation of these resources by all countries bordering the Caspian Sea without considering the benefits of the other countries. In this regard, Iran has the most passive position. It is obvious that the countries in the Caspian border shall determine their objectives by applying the principles of international law and new geopolitical changes and make a comprehensive agreement about oil and gas resources. Before considering this significant affair, a comprehensive use of these resources is not allowed based on the international law and will arise international liability that is affected from universal ethics. Manuscript profile