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    • List of Articles challenges

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Investigating the Position of Women's Rights in the Citizenship Bill with an Emphasis on Women's Political Rights
        Arezoo  Hosseinieh Ali  Hajipour Kanderud
        Citizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is More
        Citizenship Charter Reflects Government Concern Over Public Awareness on Citizenship and Proposes Respect for Human Rights. In this regard, one of the most important pillars of the civil rights charter is the issue of women's rights. The purpose of the present study is to investigate and analyze the level of attention to women's citizenship rights in the context of the Citizenship Charter. The above study shows that women's citizenship rights are accepted in the Charter of Citizenship to an acceptable extent, but there is no guarantee of proper implementation on the one hand and some practical challenges and on the other hand desirable and realistic research of women's rights in Iran with serious obstacles. Is facing Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Investigating the Moral Challenges of the Right to Silence of the Accused in the Iranian Legal System
        Seyed Alireza  Mousavi Masoud  Ghasemi Mohammad Javad  Jafari
        One of the most obvious rights of the accused, which is considered in international documents and legal systems, as well as in the Iranian legal system, is the right of the accused to remain silent at various stages of the proceedings. It has been disputed that some con More
        One of the most obvious rights of the accused, which is considered in international documents and legal systems, as well as in the Iranian legal system, is the right of the accused to remain silent at various stages of the proceedings. It has been disputed that some consider the observance of the right to silence to cause delays in the trial, the escape of the accused and professional perpetrators from the grip of justice, etc. Failure to comply with the defendant's right to remain silent has provided for an executive guarantee There are obstacles and problems in the implementation of the right of silence of the accused in the various stages of the proceedings in the Iranian legal system, which should be considered as a challenge. Obstacles and Challenges It should not be overlooked. In the following study, descriptive and library methods have been used. The truth is that predicting ethical and legislative mechanisms, judicial, administrative and disciplinary to facilitate the implementation of the right to remain silent at various stages of the proceedings, recognizing solutions to address existing challenges, takes a very useful and effective step to make the criminal justice system fair. Be.. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - moral challenge and responsibility of caspian"s oil and gas unilateral usage
        Soheil  Asgharzadeh Abdul Karim  Shahidar
        After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploit More
        After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Iran faced with new neighbors in this region; the neighbors who actually had no intention to adhere to their previous country’s commitments and this issue is important in ethic and international rules aspects. However, the exploitation of the seabed and under seabed reserves of the Caspian Sea has been among the unsolved problems yet. Furthermore, no agreement has been made about sharing such resources in the recent convention in Aktau. Despite considering Caspian as a sea or lake, the principles of international law like procedures of the countries and the principles of the international trials and doctrines do not confirm any unilateral use of gas and oil resources of this sea by the countries; on the other hand, the mentioned convention emphasizes the requirement of making a separate agreement about the seabed and under seabed resources of this sea which also suggests the requirement of making a comprehensive agreement among these countries. Nevertheless, what is actually observed is the exploitation of these resources by all countries bordering the Caspian Sea without considering the benefits of the other countries. In this regard, Iran has the most passive position. It is obvious that the countries in the Caspian border shall determine their objectives by applying the principles of international law and new geopolitical changes and make a comprehensive agreement about oil and gas resources. Before considering this significant affair, a comprehensive use of these resources is not allowed based on the international law and will arise international liability that is affected from universal ethics. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - economic effort and resist economic essientials and investigation of its bases from point of view Quran and traditions with regarded to challenges and distinctions
        hamed  fathaliyani hamid  hosseini ali hossein ehteshami
        The point of view of Islam and thinking of Islamic economy about the economic effort not only positive but also it seemed such ideal that every time rooted at soul and heart of authorities and followers of this school. The article ,that was investigated by base More
        The point of view of Islam and thinking of Islamic economy about the economic effort not only positive but also it seemed such ideal that every time rooted at soul and heart of authorities and followers of this school. The article ,that was investigated by bases of economic effort from point of view of Quran and traditions ,though it seemed primary but it can be innovative and solver. It is notified that the grower and healthy economy from point of view of holy Quran ,could base on principals and bases that we will point them : 1-recognition and foresight about economic affairs that to be skilled in divine law.. 2-to reason 3- manifestation of monotheism in economy4- to accept Eschatology 5-manifestation of worship Allah in economic affairs 6-to interfere State at economy 7-justic at economic affairs 8-Donation 9- moderation at affairs 10-lack of wasting. Other part of the article is, investigation of spaces of economic efforts from point of view of Islamic traditions , that we will point of them.it consist two parts economic deviation sand economic Morales A; economic deviations consist of usury wastefulness, wasting, transaction , moderatio B: economic Morales: loan, legitimate, forbidden, aliment, voluntary alms ,donation ,contentment, beneficence, generosity ,in necessity ,poverty, to become rich ,wealth ,economic effort .i want to pay to some important methods that be used by Islamic researchers and so want to pay methods of inference of Islamic economy graduates that are suitable with Islamic jurisprudent culture principals. economic Morales ; is one of the part of Islamic graduates that shows growth components and economic expansion and general welfare and from other side it shows methods and comparison elements with mischiefs and to healthy economic efforts too .and so provide necessary field to intellectual growth and eternal felicity for human. As well at the article, I will prove relation between moral and economy and then to criticize of principals of capitalism that it separate from another. Then I want to investigate more important the elements of economic Morales in three parts: product, distribute consume . In other part ,I want to state about these matters: Morales manners of work and product, Morales the roles of intellectual values in economic growth , to clarify methods of cultural comparison with fields and marks of poverty and multiply ,to clarify governor principals at trade Morales , scales of determination of models of consume. The first step for motivating to economic efforts and resistant economy, is having effortant moral and that moral of people further belonged to his culture. Manuscript profile