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        1 - Ethical Analysis of a Comparative Study of the Rulings of Traditional and Electronic Contracts in Iran and Antitrust
          mahmoud erfani  
        commerce (electronic-commerce) is, in principle, a financial transaction in the context of interconnected electronic devices; therefore, it is not a new financial contract, but includes traditional transactions and contracts. Interference with electronic devices has onl More
        commerce (electronic-commerce) is, in principle, a financial transaction in the context of interconnected electronic devices; therefore, it is not a new financial contract, but includes traditional transactions and contracts. Interference with electronic devices has only changed the pillars of this contract. United Nation’s Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has provided three important documents on e-commerce as follows: “ANCITRAL Sample Law on E-commerce”; “ANCITRAL Sample Law on E-signature”; “The United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts”. ANCITRAL sample law on e-commerce, major changes in communications, and in particular, in electronic and computer-based communications on trading, led ANCIRTAL to put the issue of electronic commerce on an agenda from the early 1980s. E-commerce consists of series of legal issues which finding an answer to them, in legal systems, is an irrefutable necessity. One of these issues is the termination of electronic contracts. Since the traditional contracts, in our country, are in their early stages, it is desirable to take advantage of the patterns that international institutions have put forward in this regard. Offering functional suggestions in relation to the topic can be considered as the goals specified in this study Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Ethical requirements in Islamic banking
        Ali Arabi Mahmoud  Bagheri mahmoud erfani
        A saying from the Holley Prophet of Islam says: “praying has 70 parts, the best one is Halal earning”. Accordingly the real believers strongly value the professional banking morality for earning Halal income and from their point of view the bank which is based on Islami More
        A saying from the Holley Prophet of Islam says: “praying has 70 parts, the best one is Halal earning”. Accordingly the real believers strongly value the professional banking morality for earning Halal income and from their point of view the bank which is based on Islamic morality must follow 6 important aims as will be described in the article such as executing economic justice in the society. As a result the idea of Islamic Banking was first made in the 1950s and the first Islamic investment banking was established in Egypt and Malaysia in the 1960s. There are over 100 kinds of Islamic banks and the law of banking without usury was passed and enforced in 1983 after Iran Islamic revolution. The theoretical, religious jurisprudence and Islamic morality related discussions among the people who are the users of this method of banking and among the bank clerks who enforce this methods, is yet to be answered and they are not fully justified that this method is right from the religious point of view, and the money taken and given is usury. We have tried to survey the activities of the banks focusing on monetary value of time and value of money during time in Islamic jurisprudence and find an appropriate answer. It is clear that the banks pay profit to customers when attracts their money and receives profit from them when loans them. These two issues happen during time and the method of paying and taking profit separates the way of Islamic banking from regular banking. Usury that is clearly forbidden in Islam takes place in elapse of time. We have used indisputable contracts in religious jurisprudence such as Salaf (buying in advance) and Nesiyeh (selling in advance) to differentiate these two with usury. Manuscript profile