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        1 - The Penalty of Apostates and the Quranic Verse Forbidding Compulsion in Islam (Conflict and Conformity)
        Faranak Pousti Ahmad Bagheri
        The right to freedom is a basic human right. As every human being has the genetic will and the power to choose, he/she should have the legislative right to choose, and there should not be any obstacle in front of him/her. Freedom has many aspects, one of which is freedo More
        The right to freedom is a basic human right. As every human being has the genetic will and the power to choose, he/she should have the legislative right to choose, and there should not be any obstacle in front of him/her. Freedom has many aspects, one of which is freedom of thought, suggesting that every human being is entitled to think and research about everything. The other aspect is freedom of opinion, denoting that human beings are free to choose their religion and beliefs, and they should not be obliged to do so. The third aspect is freedom of speech and expression of views and opinions. Finally, the fourth aspect is freedom in action and behaviour, implying that every human being is entitled to act as he/she wishes. One of the objections raised by the opponents of freedom to prove violence and lack of freedom in Islam is the jurisprudential ruling on the murder of apostates. They maintain that if compulsion in belief is forbidden and Islam is accepted freely and voluntarily, then withdrawal from a belief should also be free. Thus, determining this kind of severe penalty for disaffiliation from religion is a reason to adhere to a belief based on coercion and imposition. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Explaining the moral value view of complementary and secondary punishments
        Zakiye Ebrahimzadeh Ahmad Bagheri Esmaiel  Rahimi Nejad
        Moral values are those behaviors that play a role in the development of pure human nature. It is clear that the constitution of Islam, which is derived from the revelation, has the best position to achieve this goal. Matching moral values with inappropriate human behavi More
        Moral values are those behaviors that play a role in the development of pure human nature. It is clear that the constitution of Islam, which is derived from the revelation, has the best position to achieve this goal. Matching moral values with inappropriate human behaviors; That is, crime and punishment is the subject of this article, which the author tried to present the solutions for the realization of moral values in secondary and supplementary punishment by examining the goals of punishment and the principles governing punishment. The result of this article is that in Islam, according to the expedients it considers, in addition to the main punishment, supplementary and secondary punishments are considered to punish the criminal, and these punishments are subordinate to the main punishments. are considered The difference between these two types of punishment is that in supplementary punishment, the judge is free to apply them, while in secondary punishment, he has no authority and the punishment is specified in the court order. This article seeks to answer the question of what is the basis of moral values in supplementary and consequential punishments with analytical-ijtihad method and using library sources. Considering the goals of punishment in Islam and Quranic documents, Sunnah, the general evidence of punishment and the general principles governing punishment, it can be said that the realization of moral values in supplementary and secondary punishments is achieved when these general conditions such as "proportion of crime and punishment" , deterrence of punishment, compensation of loss, implementation of justice and human dignity" should be considered in the secondary and supplementary punishments. Manuscript profile