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        1 - Optimal model of governance in the light of an independent judiciary
        Hossein  Abdi Vali  Rostami
        Judicial independence is one of the tools to ensure impartiality in judicial proceedings. Therefore, the judiciary needs to maintain its impartiality in judicial proceedings. This neutrality and independence is provided by several tools, including independence. Judiciar More
        Judicial independence is one of the tools to ensure impartiality in judicial proceedings. Therefore, the judiciary needs to maintain its impartiality in judicial proceedings. This neutrality and independence is provided by several tools, including independence. Judiciary finance and independence in determining jurisdiction. Each of these elements helps the judiciary to act as an independent pillar and away from different orientations. To examine the independence of the judiciary, a brief statement is made about the separation of powers in the West and Iran, then the elements of independence. The judiciary is mentioned. Governance is a process that solves the problems and dilemmas of society through collective effort and reliance on public power and its use. Whenever such a concept of governance emphasizes the quality and performance of its tasks, the concept of good urban governance is introduced. Good urban governance is a set of individuals, institutions, public and private sectors that plan and manage the affairs of the city and are inextricably linked to the welfare of citizens. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Role of custom and ethics in the financial rights of couples and its effect on crime prevention
        Leila  Radpasand Farhad  Parvin
        After the correct marriage and marital relations between the parties, various rights and duties are established, including financial rights between the spouses. Couples' financial rights are one of the most important parts of civil law, which is intertwined with customa More
        After the correct marriage and marital relations between the parties, various rights and duties are established, including financial rights between the spouses. Couples' financial rights are one of the most important parts of civil law, which is intertwined with customary and moral issues and is an important factor in crime prevention. Therefore, ignoring the role of custom and ethics in the rights of couples causes fundamental challenges in society. The purpose of writing this article is to explain the position of custom and ethics in some financial rights of couples, such as dowry, dowry and alimony from the perspective of Iranian law, Islamic religions and official religions in a descriptive analytical method; Explaining the limits of custom and introducing it, we will finally realize that although custom and ethics in the Iranian legal system, mainly in cases of text silence, have a complementary and interpretive role; But it has a role to play, and in many cases it is used practically in jurisprudence and law. Also, the role of custom in the Sunnah of Tabdan is Hadd, that what is considered acceptable in the custom is also considered acceptable in the sight of God. The role of custom in the rights of minorities (Jewish, Zoroastrian and Christian) is also undeniable according to their own religious customs and traditions, and is a source of rights. Adherence to ethical rules in the realm of the family plays a very decisive role in ensuring the rights of men and women all over the world; Because in many cases, the rights and obligations that couples assume towards each other have no legal obligation and are done solely on the basis of moral considerations. Manuscript profile