List of Articles اعتبار

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  1 - Ethical Evaluation and Validation of the Congressional Budget Office's Legal Responsibilities in Defining Annual Budgeting in the United States
  Abbas  Emami askar jalaliyan hosseen sadeghi
  20.1001.1.23833279.1399.11.41.4.3
  The process of US government approval is affected by the conditions, and many specialized departments in Congress, the Presidential Palace, and the Senate are examining it. This study examines the legal and ethical responsibilities of the Congressional Budget Office in More

  The process of US government approval is affected by the conditions, and many specialized departments in Congress, the Presidential Palace, and the Senate are examining it. This study examines the legal and ethical responsibilities of the Congressional Budget Office in determining annual budgets in the United States. The method used in this study is descriptive-analytical and documentary approach was used for data collection. An important issue to consider with regard to the annual budget of the United States is that the Congressional Budget Office has tight control over the amount and manner of annual budget allocation so that one of the most important causes of congressional oversight of the US budget can be the ability of the Congressional Office to review. He knew the exact conditions. Although in many cases the annual budget changes in addition to imposing the opinions of experts on the office of the President and the Senate as well, the most important part of its approval is in Congress and the Budget Office plays a key role in its approval and approval. This means that regardless of the key role of the entity, the US budgeting process cannot be examined, since the primary task of determining and estimating annual budget and overseeing its proper implementation is spent in the United States. Under the 1974 Act, it is in charge of the Budget Office. Legally and ethically approved budgeting in the United States involves careful scrutiny of the budget, its performance, and its subtraction so that its budget office is legally and morally obliged to do all of its steps accurately. It should be noted, however, that its oversight role is less than that of qualified bodies in the Senate, which some scholars regard as the most important functional task of the budget office to properly and appropriately allocate funds. The appropriation is made by the Congressional Bureau to facilitate the approval process, so that it can be dealt with more quickly and with greater transparency in the final form of a joint meeting of the Senate and Congress. This illustrates the strategic role of the budget office in the process of approval, communication and oversight of the US budget. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Application of Allameh Tabatabai and Allameh Mesbah Yazdi's views on the origin of obligation and moral value
  seyed morteza hoseini motlagh Mehdi  Imani Moghaddam
  20.1001.1.23833279.1400.12.46.4.0
  The general philosophers of Muslim ethics, in accordance with the application and permanence of Islamic law and the eternal authority of the tradition of the Infallibles (pbuh) and also in accordance with rational reasoning and stability of human nature and despite the More

  The general philosophers of Muslim ethics, in accordance with the application and permanence of Islamic law and the eternal authority of the tradition of the Infallibles (pbuh) and also in accordance with rational reasoning and stability of human nature and despite the difference in the method of explanation, consider the criteria for values and They have become moral norms. Two great philosophers of Shiite ethics in the contemporary period, namely Allameh Tabatabai and Allameh Mesbah Yazdi, have theorized in their seemingly different explanation of moral realism and the application of moral criteria; The present article seeks to prove that these two explanations can be referred to a single explanation.Allameh Tabatabai (in the common interpretation of his theory) considers moral necessity as a matter of credit and considers the real and developmental necessity between the action of the active force and its objective effect, figuratively (meaning unity in meaning and difference in instance) to the resulting mental and sensual necessity. It has spread from the idea of a mental end, but Allameh Mesbah has reached the necessity of moral requirements due to the necessity of comparison to others. By considering the necessity of comparative necessity and referring it to the necessity of others, these two theories can be considered as different interpretations of a truth. The present research has explained this important point. Manuscript profile
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  3 - An explanation of validation in Islamic thought: ethical jurisprudence
  tahereh pournemati shams abad Maryam shahrivar
  20.1001.1.23833279.1401.13.49.1.0
  With the advancement of technology and the need for new systems and institutions, legislators need to legislate in accordance with the needs of the day, to legislate on the use of these technologies to reduce the abuse of this technology as much as possible. One of the More

  With the advancement of technology and the need for new systems and institutions, legislators need to legislate in accordance with the needs of the day, to legislate on the use of these technologies to reduce the abuse of this technology as much as possible. One of the issues facing the world is economic corruption. Corruption such as money laundering, which requires legal action and solutions. Countries have resorted to civic accreditation to combat moral corruption and reduce legal conflicts. In Iran, the scheme is still not legal, and financial and credit institutions and banks are required to provide credit to their customers, which is not limited to finance and has a wide range of issues. The subject of this research is the place and role of civic validation in ethical rules. Ethics provides us with guidelines for a valuable and transcendent life. It lies in human beings and in order for human beings to reach their worthy perfection, they must also flourish this aspect of existence; And this perfection is possible by practicing a set of moral rules; In all societies and eras, individuals have regulated their relationships within the framework of rules and regulations that have been the basis of these ethical rules. Morality speaks of goodness and ugliness or merit and indecency. The present study will examine the place of validation in ethical rules and what effect they will have on each other. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Functions of practical reason and explaining the principles of moral practice from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai
  Nasibeh Nikpoor Narges  Keshti Arai Seyed Hossein  vaezi
  20.1001.1.23833279.1401.13.50.12.3
  The aim of this study was to investigate the function of practical reason from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and to formulate the principles of moral practice based on it, using a descriptive-analytical method of qualitative content analysis. He considers theoret More

  The aim of this study was to investigate the function of practical reason from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and to formulate the principles of moral practice based on it, using a descriptive-analytical method of qualitative content analysis. He considers theoretical intellect as having the function of true perception, distinguishing right from wrong, and the function of practical intellect as credit perception and distinguishing good from evil, and issues rulings related to voluntary actions. In this regard, the research findings indicate that practical intellect has three functions of perception (science), recognition of should and should not, is the ruling to perform action. In the field of perception (science), practical intellect operates with divine inspiration and the construction of credit perception. In the part of discernment, in order to achieve moral goodness, one should use the healthy nature and the divine law, which is the guardian religion, and in the function of the ruling to perform an action, practical intellect with the help of active force and during the stages of need, create inner feeling. Credit perception, giving the relation must (necessity), enthusiasm, will, command to do the action, and finally, by doing the action, pleasure is achieved for human beings. It is a moral act that seeks the pleasure of the hereafter, not the worldly. Manuscript profile