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        1 - Legal and moarl effects of false advertising
         
        we should account the advertising as a basic Element in the fate of countries, that role plays in both internal and International domain. Sometimes, the advertising is untrue, and includes some Properties that they are not in present goods or specific services .we can s More
        we should account the advertising as a basic Element in the fate of countries, that role plays in both internal and International domain. Sometimes, the advertising is untrue, and includes some Properties that they are not in present goods or specific services .we can study this kind of advertising, in different aspects. From these aspects, we can name the legal and moral effects of false advertisings on human rights, society and Audiences. If the ads contain false, they are searchable in Ethics, In addition to the contractual relationship as breach of contract, and in civil liability. The main question of this Article is that what legal liability for false advertising is, and what are effects on contract between the parties, and also what are morally adverse effects on the audience and the community Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - Civil liability and moral responsibility of governments in proportion to the exercise of their executive role
        SEYEDAMIR ALEMOHAMMAD ali akbar gorji
        The role of the state in political society is the most important discussion of political philosophy about the state. However, whether we consider the origin of the state as a contract or the state as a natural phenomenon, the mission we ascribe to it can be raised to so More
        The role of the state in political society is the most important discussion of political philosophy about the state. However, whether we consider the origin of the state as a contract or the state as a natural phenomenon, the mission we ascribe to it can be raised to some extent independently of the discussion of its origin. Theories related to the role of government can be divided into two main groups. The first group, which considers the limited intervention of the government in society, includes the school of liberalism and its different tendencies and perceptions. In this group, the role of the government is basically negative and deterrent, and government intervention in citizens' rights has an exceptional aspect that must be justified based on the basic concepts of freedom, justice and equality. It is the government. In these theories, the starting point of the discussion is society and the individual is considered a subject of society. However, in this group, too, there is a lot of respect for freedom. However, the provision of freedom is not possible except in the shadow of justice (especially distributive justice) and equality. The most prominent representative of this group is the school of socialism, which is very common in the political systems of Europe today. These roles of governments from a moral point of view have significantly affected the fate of individuals and economic actors and have sometimes caused great damage to them. Accordingly, it is necessary to examine the nature of the policies of these two groups in terms of being in the category of governance or enterprise, from a moral perspective, to examine the possibility of compensation and the basis of this compensation. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - The role of moral principles in climate obligations from the perspective of international law
        Reza  Maleki Masoud  Raee Dehghi
        Despite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiven More
        Despite the existence of a legal regime to deal with climate change in the current era, the various consequences of climate change are increasing rapidly and the most negative effects are on the poor and marginalized people around the world. Considering the ineffectiveness of the government's legal responsibility institution in meeting climate commitments, what practical solutions can be considered to deal with this challenge? It seems that considering the uneven path of the legal system of international responsibility to deal with climate change, from the Structural Convention to Paris, it is possible to resort to the moral responsibility of governments by validating moral principles. In this article, with a descriptive and analytical method, after examining the legal regime of climate change and its challenges, ethical principles and its relationship with obligations related to climate change are discussed as a practical solution to deal with climate change. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - A survey of ethical attitudes towards collaborative criminal justice
        Mohammad  Jamadi Ali  Janipour Karam  Janipour Dariush  Babaie
        Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importa More
        Justice is one of the oldest concepts that mankind has known since the beginning of its civilization and has tried to establish it. Justice has different forms, which can be referred to as social, political, economic, etc. In this, criminal justice is of special importance. Scientists and experts in social sciences have considered several factors effective on criminal justice, among which principles such as the principle of acquittal and the principle of legality of crimes and punishments, as well as the personal nature of criminal responsibility, are important, but criminal responsibility is of particular importance among them. It is necessary to carry out serious scrutiny in this regard and conduct ethical attitudes towards criminal justice, especially collaborative criminal justice, in a scientific manner. Ignoring the areas of moral responsibility in the field of criminal justice violates the right of those referring to the judicial system and causes injustice. Therefore, paying attention to the character and human dignity of people is a necessity of collaborative criminal justice. The present article deals with the ethical attitudes in the field of collaborative criminal justice with a library method and has answered many unknowns in this regard. Manuscript profile